Which ethical principle emphasizes the need to respect participants' autonomy?

The ethical principle that emphasizes the need to respect participants' autonomy is the concept known as "Respect for persons." This principle acknowledges individuals as autonomous agents who possess the right to make decisions regarding their own lives and bodies. Autonomy entails the ability to make informed choices without coercion or undue influence, thus allowing individuals to participate in research or various activities based on their own values, beliefs, and preferences.

In research ethics, this principle is crucial because it underlines the necessity for obtaining informed consent from participants. By providing potential participants with all necessary information regarding the study—such as its purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits—they are empowered to make informed decisions about whether to participate.

While other ethical principles, such as justice and beneficence, are significant in protecting participants' well-being and ensuring fair treatment, they do not specifically address the right of individuals to govern themselves and make their own choices. Therefore, the concept of respect for persons stands out as the principle that fundamentally upholds the autonomy and dignity of research participants.