How does an Institutional Review Board (IRB) protect research subjects?

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) plays a crucial role in protecting research subjects primarily by reviewing research proposals to ensure that they comply with ethical standards. This review process assesses various factors such as the potential risks to participants, the potential benefits of the research, the informed consent process, and the overall ethical implications of the study.

When a research proposal is submitted to an IRB, the board evaluates whether the rights and welfare of the participants are adequately safeguarded. They aim to ensure that participants are not exposed to unnecessary risks and that their participation is voluntary and informed. By overseeing these ethical considerations, the IRB helps to maintain high standards of conduct in research that involves human subjects, ultimately protecting participants from harm and ensuring that their dignity is respected throughout the research process.

Other options, while relevant to research practices, do not directly address how an IRB safeguards research participants. Financial support, assistance in data collection, and supervision during the research process do not specifically pertain to the IRB's core ethical oversight responsibilities.